Data: Streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions
Information: Clusters of facts that is meaningful and useful to human beings in the processes such as making decisions.
What is Data Mining?
It is process of extracting the hidden predictive information from large databases. It is commericaily used by companies/Retailers
to focus on the required info. Data mining allows you to find the needles hidden in your haystacks of data.
Data mining tools predict future trends and behaviors, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions
Data mining is used for a variety of purposes in both the private and public sectors. Industries such as banking, insurance, medicine, and retailing commonly use
data mining to reduce costs, enhance research, and increase sales. For example, the insurance and banking industries use data mining applications to detect fraud and
assist in risk assessment (e.g., credit scoring). Using customer data collected over several years, companies can develop models that predict whether a customer is a
good credit risk, or whether an accident claim may be fraudulent and should be investigated more closely.
Retailers can use it to predict the customer behaviour visiting their shop and to find out which is product is often purchased or which one is not.
What is Data Warehousing?
Enterprise data is the lifeblood of a corporation, but it's useless if it's left to languish in data silos. Data warehousing and mining provide the tools to bring data out of the silos and put it to use.
(Data Silo is a separate database or set of data files)
Data Warehousing is a system for storing and delivering massive quantities of data.
The critical factor leading to the use of a data warehouse is that a data analyst can perform complex queries and analysis (such as data mining) on the information without slowing down the operational systems
What is Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)?
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, or DSL for short) is a high-speed Internet access service that utilizes existing copper telephones lines to send and receive data at speeds that far exceed conventional dial-up modems.
Note: ADSL uses standard telephone lines to transmit upstream and downstream data on a digital frequency, which sets these datastreams apart from the analog signals telephones and fax machines use. Because the ADSL signal is operating on a different frequency, the telephone can be used normally, even when surfing the Web with ADSL service.
The "asymmetric" in ADSL refers to the fact that the downstream data rate, or the data coming to your computer from the Internet, is traveling faster than upstream data, or the data traveling from your computer to the Internet.
ADSL service requires an Internet service provider (ISP), and ADSL modem. ADSL modem is far faster than a dial-up modem.
What is Modem?
Modem, short for modulator-demodulator is an electronic device that converts a computer’s digital signals into specific frequencies to travel over telephone or cable television lines. At the destination, the receiving modem demodulates the frequencies back into digital data. Computers use modems to communicate with one another over a network.
First need to understand protocol and Network Model before proceeding to OSI model
What is a protocol?
It is a formal description of message formats and the rules that two computers must follow in order to exchange messages. This set of rules describes how data is transmitted over a network.
Protocols are needed for communication between any two devices.
It determines -
In what format will the messages be transmitted?
At what speed should messages be transmitted?
What to do if errors take place?
What to do if parts of a message are lost?
Protocols in daily life:
How does conversation take place between human beings
“Hello”
“Goodbye”
Handshake
What is a Network Model?
Network model - A method of describing and analyzing data communications networks by breaking the entire set of communications process into a number of layers
Each layer has a specific function
What is 7-layer OSI model:
OSI - Open System Interconnection
It was created by the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO).
Its a model of How Protocols and Networking Components Could be Made. “Open” means the concepts are non-proprietary; can be used by anyone.
OSI is not a protocol. It is a model for understanding and designing a network architecture that is flexible and robust.
The OSI model describes how data flows from one computer, through a network to another computer
The OSI model divides the tasks involved with moving information between networked computers into 7 smaller, more manageable sub-task .
A task is then assigned to each of the seven OSI layers. Each layer is reasonably self-contained so that the tasks assigned to each layer can be implemented independently.
7-Layers of OSI Model
7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical
The easiest way to remember the different layers of OSI Model is to use the mnemonic "All people seem To need Data Processing":
7 All
6. People
5. Seem
4. To
3. Need
2. Data
1. Processing
Data is entered from Physical Layer and move towards the Apllication layer.
The information architecture of an organization
Major Business Functions
Sales and marketing: selling the organization’s products and services
Manufacturing: producing products and services
Finance: managing the organization’s financial assets
Accounting: maintain the organization’s financial records
Human resources: attracting, developing, and maintaining the organization’s labor force; maintain employee records
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